Can a Vasectomy Cause ED?

A vasectomy is a highly effective method of contraception for men, offering one of the lowest failure rates of any method of birth control. After getting a vasectomy, almost all men will be able to have sex without the concern of impregnating their partners. But some worry that a vasectomy could cause erectile dysfunction (ED). So, can it?

Vasectomies can cause some discomfort or pain. There’s also a risk of complications and side effects, but rest assured: ED isn’t one of them. ED after a vasectomy is incredibly rare. 

Still, some wonder whether sex after a vasectomy will feel the same — or even be possible.

Below, we’ve explained why it’s unlikely for a vasectomy to cause erectile dysfunction and explored why someone might experience sexual dysfunction after this procedure. 

From all the available research about vasectomy procedures, there are few, if any, examples of a vasectomy causing ED. In fact, most literature essentially rules out any link between vasectomy and erectile dysfunction.

Backing up: A vasectomy is a minor surgical procedure typically conducted by a urologist right in the urology doctor’s office, in which the vas deferens — the internal tubes that transport sperm from your testes to your ejaculatory ducts — are cut. 

Some sources estimate that more than 500,000 men in the U.S. have vasectomies done each year. 

There are a few different methods for vasectomy surgery under local anesthesia: 

• The first involves making one or two small cuts into the upper areas of your scrotum, through which a surgeon will either tie off or cut the vas deferens to prevent sperm from traveling from your testicles into your urethra.

• The second, known as a no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV), doesn’t involve any surgical incision. It’s performed through a small hole that’s made in your scrotum with a hemostat, a type of locking forceps.

Research has found that men who get either type of vasectomy surgery rarely report sexual dysfunction as a side effect. 

While there’s a recovery period after the surgery, most men are able to go back to having sex as normal within a week or two of the procedure. And for the most part, all of them still reach orgasm and ejaculate as normal. The only difference is that the semen they ejaculate during sex or masturbation doesn’t contain any sperm.

We’re not saying there's no way a vasectomy can cause ED, but vasectomies don’t directly impact any of the functions necessary to get you hard. 

Erections depend on several different factors, including arousal, blood flow, and erectile function.

Vasectomies don’t interrupt the signals that your brain sends to the nerves in and around your penis when you’re aroused. They also don’t restrict blood flow to the erectile tissue of your penis, called the corpora cavernosa.

The opposite may actually be true —  a 2005 study from Brazil found that vasectomy surgery has a positive impact on sexual function in men, with no increased risk of ED following the procedure.

You may experience certain issues during the recovery period after a vasectomy (such as pain and discomfort), but ED probably isn’t going to be one of those issues. If you do have ED after a vasectomy, it’s likely caused by a different problem.

Several different factors may cause you to experience difficulty getting or maintaining an erection, from diseases to medications, behaviors, and psychological factors. 

The most common causes of erectile dysfunction are:

• Cardiovascular health issues like high blood pressure or heart disease

• Diabetes, multiple sclerosis (MS), or chronic kidney disease

• Injuries to the penis, prostate, pelvis, spinal cord, or bladder

• Injury caused by medical procedures, such as prostate surgery or surgery to treat bladder cancer

• Low testosterone levels 

• Low libido or sex drive

• Medications, including those for blood pressure and antidepressants

• Alcohol consumption

• Illicit drug use

• Being overweight or obese

• Lack of physical activity

• Tobacco and smoking

• Depression

• Anxiety, including sexual performance anxiety

• Stress

• Low self-esteem

• Feelings of guilt about sex

You will notice that prostate and bladder surgeries made the list, as did injuries to some of these systems. What you won’t notice is any mention of vasectomies.

We weren’t able to find any case studies or examples of someone experiencing ED after a vasectomy, unless they had another one of these other ED causes already. This suggests that even the people with ED after a vasectomy aren’t developing ED as a complication of a vasectomy.

A vasectomy procedure is generally considered safe and effective with minimal risks, according to the NIH. But they do provide a list of potential complications that may come immediately or over time.

Risks associated with vasectomy include:

• Hematomas or bleeding under the skin

• Swelling

• Infection

• Granuloma (a lump caused by sperm leaking out into the scrotum)

• Failed vasectomy (and unintended pregnancy)

• Mental health and distress outcomes in the form of regret

Luckily, that’s about it. A 2021 review explored other potential risks, but found no evidence that a vasectomy can increase your risk of cardiovascular disease, hormone imbalances, prostate cancer, autoimmune disease, or (you guessed it) ED.

Because ED after a vasectomy is most likely not due to the procedure itself, it’s difficult to recommend specialized treatments. 

If you experienced severe complications from your procedure, those need to be addressed regardless of erectile function. Likewise, you may need to wait for everything to heal up before you start feeling comfortable enough to have sex again. 

That said, if you notice your sexual performance slipping at any time in your life, health agencies and experts recommend the following erectile dysfunction treatments:

• See your primary care provider. ED can be a sign of a number of other health issues. Regardless of what you think may be causing your erectile problems, talk to a professional.

• Talk to a mental health professional. While ED has a number of physiological triggers and risk factors, there’s no denying the effects of stress, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem on your performance. Seeking out therapy may be what helps you best — if you’re not sure where to start, check out our online psychiatry and mental health services.

• Explore ED medications for daily or as-needed use. These medications are referred to as PDE5 inhibitors, and work by increasing the flow of blood to certain types of tissue in your body, like the soft, spongy tissue of your penis. Medications like sildenafil (generic for Viagra®) and tadalafil (generic for Cialis®) have been proven effective and helped millions of men worldwide since they were approved as ED treatments. Newer medications like Stendra® (avanafil) are quickly proving themselves as well. We even offer chewable ED meds for anyone sick of swallowing pills.

Erectile dysfunction is a common issue, with about 30 million men in the United States affected to some degree. But vasectomy isn’t a known cause

We’re all for efficient information sharing about men’s health, so here’s what you need to know about the connection between ED and vasectomies:

• Vasectomy is a safe and reliable form of birth control, and you shouldn’t feel worried about experiencing any erection issues after your surgery.

• Vasectomies and ED aren’t related. Currently, there’s no scientific research showing that getting a vasectomy will increase your risk of developing ED. In fact, some research suggests that vasectomies provide a  positive impact on sexual function.

• Vasectomies don’t affect the parts of your reproductive system that are connected to ED. Unlike other surgeries that may cause erectile dysfunction, a vasectomy has no effect on your prostate or the nerves in your pelvic area. 

• Talk to a healthcare provider if you’re having new, sudden ED or temporary ED problems. It may be related to serious underlying health conditions.

• If you’re already prone to ED or struggling to maintain an erection, medication can help. Read more about your options in our full guide to ED medications and treatments. 

We can help with treatment, too. We offer several FDA-approved ED medications online, following a consultation with a licensed healthcare provider.