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Heart health

HDL Cholesterol

Also known as: High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HDL-C test, “Good” cholesterol test, Lipoprotein profile (HDL component), Part of a lipid panel

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is often called the “good” cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from your bloodstream, transporting it to the liver for elimination. It’s inversely related to the risk for cardiovascular disease.

An HDL cholesterol test measures the amount of this protective lipoprotein in your blood.

Understanding HDL levels provides insight into your heart and metabolic health. Low HDL can be linked to higher risks of heart disease and stroke, while higher levels are generally protective — though extremely high levels may not always be beneficial.

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Key takeaways

  • Sample required: Blood

  • Tests for: HDL cholesterol (“good” cholesterol) to help evaluate heart and vascular health

  • Healthy range: Generally 40 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or higher for men (ranges vary by lab and by age)

What can an HDL cholesterol test tell you?

An HDL test helps healthcare providers evaluate your risk for cardiovascular disease and monitor how your body handles fats. HDL is one of several cholesterol types measured in a lipid panel, which, in additional to HDL cholesterol, typically includes:

What providers use it for:

  • Screening for heart disease risk. Low HDL levels may signal a higher chance of developing atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries).

  • Monitoring treatment. If you’re taking cholesterol-lowering medication, this test helps check how well it’s working.

  • Tracking overall metabolic health. HDL levels often change alongside diet, exercise habits, and weight management efforts.

What is being tested?

HDL stands for high-density lipoprotein — a type of carrier molecule that moves cholesterol through the bloodstream. While LDL (low-density lipoprotein) carries cholesterol to the arteries, HDL carries it away to the liver, where it’s broken down and removed.

This “reverse cholesterol transport” process helps prevent plaque buildup inside arteries, which can otherwise restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.

Low HDL levels can indicate an imbalance between cholesterol production and clearance, often influenced by genetics, hormones, or lifestyle.

Where is the HDL cholesterol test typically included?

HDL cholesterol is usually measured as part of a lipid panel, which evaluates multiple types of fat in the blood. Your provider might order a lipid panel during an annual checkup or to monitor chronic conditions.

Common panels that include HDL:

  • Lipid panel (Standard)

  • Cardiac Risk Panel

  • Comprehensive metabolic panel 

Other biomarkers tested alongside HDL:

  • LDL cholesterol

  • Triglycerides

  • Total cholesterol

  • Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)

  • Non-HDL cholesterol

Who should get an HDL cholesterol test?

The CDC recommends that healthy adults have periodic cholesterol screening, including HDL, every four to six years. Screening may begin earlier or occur more often for people at higher risk for cardiovascular disease.

You may need HDL testing more frequently if you have:

  • A family history of premature heart disease

  • Diabetes, high blood pressure, or metabolic syndrome

  • Obesity

  • Sedentary lifestyle

  • A history of smoking or regular alcohol use.

  • Chronic kidney or liver disease

For those with existing heart disease or on lipid-lowering medications, providers often repeat HDL testing every three to 12 months to monitor treatment response.

How Labs by Hims works

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    Review your lab results to understand which areas of your health may need attention.

  • 3

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    Identify potential health risks or system imbalances before they become more serious.

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    Track your progress through a mid-year panel and ongoing provider check-ins.

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Not available in all 50 states. Eligibility and provider order required. Lab results alone are not intended to diagnose, treat, or cure any condition. A provider will reach out about critical results and plans include access to 24/7 provider messaging.

Images for illustrative purposes only.

Frequently asked questions

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What Causes Changes in HDL Cholesterol Levels?

HDL can fluctuate due to both lifestyle and biological factors.

Decreased levels can result from certain lifestyle factors, including physical inactivity, smoking, and a diet high in trans fats or refined carbohydrates. Additionally, high triglyceride levels and certain medications (e.g., beta-blockers, anabolic steroids, progestins) can lead to lower levels, as can type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome, and genetic disorders, including familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia.

Conversely, regular physical activity and moderate alcohol consumption can lead to increased levels, though the latter is not recommended as a treatment strategy. Estrogen therapy, certain medications (including niacin, fibrates, statins), and genetic factors (e.g., CETP deficiency) can also increase HDL levels.

Even though high HDL is often viewed positively, extremely high HDL (above 90 mg/dL) has been associated in some studies with higher cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, emphasizing the need for a balanced lipid profile.

What is the normal reference range for HDL cholesterol?

The normal HDL cholesterol reference range is 40 mg/dL or higher for adult men (ranges vary by lab and by age).

Can I test my HDL at home?

Yes. At-home lipid panel kits can measure HDL and other cholesterol types from a small finger-prick blood sample. Many telehealth providers can order these tests and review your results online.

Do I need to fast before an HDL test?

If your provider orders a full lipid panel, fasting for 9–12 hours is often recommended. However, newer studies suggest fasting may not always be necessary; follow your provider’s instructions.

How long does it take to get results?

Most lab-based lipid panels return results within a few days. Some at-home kits provide results within a week after mailing the sample.

How often should I get an HDL test?

Adults aged 20 or older should have cholesterol (including HDL) checked every four to six years. If you have heart disease, diabetes, or high cholesterol, your provider may recommend more frequent testing.

Can I raise my HDL naturally?

Yes — regular exercise, balanced nutrition, weight management, and quitting smoking can all help raise HDL levels. A provider may also prescribe medications if needed.

Does insurance cover HDL testing?

Most insurance plans cover lipid panels, including HDL, as part of preventive care when ordered by a healthcare provider. However, insurance is not required with lab testing through Hims. 

What tests are related to this biomarker?

• Non-HDL cholesterol

• Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)

• Lipid Panel (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides)

• Cardiac risk assessment

The information provided here is for informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always talk to a qualified healthcare provider about your specific health concerns.

Related biomarkers

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Apolipoprotein B

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that carries LDL and other bad cholesterol particles in the blood. Lower ApoB levels mean fewer harmful cholesterol particles are in your blood, and an overall reduced risk for heart disease. Learn more about Apolipoprotein B

High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein

High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) is a liver-made protein that rises with inflammation. A low level is associated with a lower heart disease risk.

Learn more about High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein

Lipoprotein (a)

Lipoprotein (a), or Lp(a), is a genetically inherited cholesterol particle similar to LDL. A low level is a good sign for heart health.

Learn more about Lipoprotein (a)

Non-HDL Cholesterol

Non-HDL cholesterol includes all the "bad" types of cholesterol that can build up in your arteries. A healthy level is a good sign for your overall heart health.

Learn more about Non-HDL Cholesterol

LDL Cholesterol

LDL is the “bad” cholesterol linked to plaque buildup in artery walls. A healthy level means fewer harmful cholesterol particles in your blood, which reduces overall risk for plaque buildup.

Learn more about LDL Cholesterol

Total Cholesterol

Total cholesterol is the total amount of all cholesterol types, including HDL, LDL, and other blood fats, and gives a general snapshot of your cholesterol status. When the number is in a good range, it shows a lower risk of developing heart disease.

Learn more about Total Cholesterol

Cholesterol/HDL Ratio

This ratio compares your total cholesterol to HDL, the "good" cholesterol.

Learn more about Cholesterol/HDL Ratio

Triglycerides

Triglycerides are a type of fat in your blood made from unused calories that are stored for energy. Low triglyceride levels indicate that your body is not having problems with insulin resistance or processing fat, which is good.

Learn more about Triglycerides

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Reviewed by Darragh O'Carroll, MD

Published 11/19/2025